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Notes on 'San' and 'Sìk'

8/4/2020

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Kaltxì ma frapo! We're pleased to bring you another small language update from private emails, courtesy of Pamìrìk. The question was posed whether or not san, the 'open quote' word in Na'vi could be omitted in a similar manner as sìk, the 'close quote' word, when used at the beginning of a sentence. Paul's response can be found below:

​That's a good question, and you're right: There are situations in which san, like sìk, can be omitted. Here's a little illustrative dialog that occurred to me:

A.   Ngeyä sa'nokìl poltxe paylì'ut? 
B1. Poltxe san frawzo sìk, slä oel poet ke spaw.

That would be the standard way of answering, but in conversational contexts, B2 and B3 would both be allowable:

B2. San frawzo sìk, slä oel poet ke spaw.
B3. Frawzo sìk, slä oel poet ke spaw.

B3 is acceptable as long as it's clear from the context that B begins by stating what the mother said and not commenting on his own. It also helps if the quote isn't too long, so that the sìk comes along relatively quickly to further clarify that it's a quote.

In thinking about what happens in English, I realize the same kind of situation can occur:

C: What did your mother say?
D1: She said everything's OK, but I don't believe her.

That, like B1, would be the standard response. But what if D answered like this:

D3: "Everything's OK," but I don't believe her.

If D simply responded this way, would it be clear to C that D was quoting the mother rather than stating his/her own conclusion? Perhaps, but I'm not sure! In this case, Na'vi is less ambiguous than English, since the sìk is obligatory, given that B's response continues beyond the quote with a personal comment.

Hope that helps!
To receive updates like these as they occur, join us on our Discord!

'Ivong Na'vi!
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Another Sequel Delay

7/23/2020

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Lightstorm and James Cameron released a statement moments ago that the Avatar sequels are being delayed until 2022 due to Coronavirus. Citing concerns over health and safety of cast and crew, Cameron explained that in order to not compromise the vision he has for the franchise, it is best to delay it rather than to rush it to completion.

While this means another year of waiting for the fans still eager for the next installment of Cameron's legendary introduction to the world of Pandora, it also provides an excellent chance for new and old fans of the first movie alike to begin learning the Na'vi Language from the first film. There's no better place to do so than here at Kelutral.org!

Dedicated fans can use our exclusive series of lessons "Na'vi as a Second Language" to achieve a working conversational level quickly, and connect with other learners for practice in our Community. Regardless of delays, there's never been a better time to be a fan of James Cameron's AVATAR!

'Ivong Na'vi, may Na'vi bloom!
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State of the Nation from Karyu Pawl

6/3/2020

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Krro krro, from time to time Paul writes a post about current events entirely in Na'vi on Naviteri. This week, he took time to address the current state of America in an empathetic but realistic analysis of the nationwide protests and riots in the wake of George Floyd's wrongful death. You can read the post entirely in Na'vi, but we wanted to provide an English translation for AVATAR fans who don't speak the language. You can find it below. Highlight it to read it (to avoid spoiling it for those who want to try to translate it themselves.)

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May Na'viteri Update

5/31/2020

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Kaltxì ma frapo!  In the first post in this series, we will report on the most recent developments in the Na'vi language courtesy of Naviteri.org, the blog of Na'vi language creator Paul Frommer, aka Karyu Pawl.  As we are all hunkered down waiting out the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, Karyu Pawl has been hard at work answering questions and creating new words for the community to enjoy! 

Just this month, we received the following words via Naviteri:

äzan (n. ä.ZAN) 'force, compulsion'
äzan si (vin.) 'force, compel'
äzanluke (adv., ä.ZAN.lu.ke) 'voluntarily, without force or compulsion'
äzantu (n., ä.ZAN.tu) ‘domineering person; one who is bossy, authoritarian, or dictatorial’
nìsok (adv., nì.SOK) ‘recently’
​kemuia (n., ke.MU.i.a) ‘dishonor’
kemuia si (vin.) ‘dishonor’
tìfnawe’ (n., tì.fna.WE’)  ‘cowardice’
kemuianga’ (adj., ke.MU.i.a.nga’) ‘dishonorable’
tìkankxan (n., tì.kan.KXAN) ‘barrier to one’s goals, source of frustration’
tìkankxanga’ (adj., tì.kan.KXA.nga’) ‘frustrating’
lekxan (adj., le.KXAN) ‘blocked, obstructed; frustrated’
ftanglen (vtr., ftang.LEN, inf. 1,2) ‘prevent’
tìftanglen (n., tì.ftang.LEN) ’prevention’
pxawtxap (vtr., pxaw.TXAP, inf. 2, 2) ‘squeeze’
vun (vtr.) ‘provide’
We also received a new phrase that joins ngaru lu fpom srak?, kempe leren?, and ngafkeyk fyape? as a way to ask how one is doing!  We can say makto fyape? literally meaning "How's the riding?".  There are several responses to this and they are typically single adverbs such as nìltsan or nìksran.  One response of note is makto zong, meaning "ride safely."

In addition to all of this, his most recent post contains a nice summary of the grammatical structures used to ask and answer questions in Na'vi that we highly recommend, whether you are just learning these topics or need a refresher!

Karyu Pawl has also been featured on a BBC audio show about languages and how they form. if you are interested, check his blog for the links to the recorded show and audio segment!

Finally, the recent posts are featuring the works of the winners of the Na'vi writing contest that was held in April!  Congratulations to the winners Tseyla, Marloncori, Laura Garduño, and Vawmataw!  Looking forward to the next writing contest and looking forward to checking in with everyone with the next Na'viteri post!

Karyu Pawl's blog can be found at http://naviteri.org

Siva ko ulte 'ivong Na'vi!
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